Milk Rate Calculation Kaise Hoti Hai: FAT, SNF Aur CLR Ka Poora Hisaab
04 Aug, 2026
FAT, SNF aur CLR se milk rate kaise calculate hota hai — Richmond's formula, FAT-only vs two-axis pricing, aur real example ke saath poora guide.
Agar aap dairy chalate hain ya doodh collect karte hain, toh yeh sawaal roz saamne aata hai — "is doodh ka sahi rate kya hona chahiye?" Sirf litre dekh kar rate tay karna galat hai, kyunki har customer ya farmer ka doodh ek jaisa quality ka nahi hota. Isiliye dairy industry mein rate FAT aur SNF ke basis par tay hota hai — aur inhe measure karne ke liye CLR ka use hota hai.
Is blog mein hum simple bhasha mein samjhenge ki yeh teeno terms kya hain, inka formula kya hai, aur ek real example se rate kaise nikalte hain.
FAT Kya Hai?
FAT doodh mein maujood butterfat (ghee wala hissa) ka percentage hai. Jitna zyada FAT, doodh utna hi malaidar aur zyada value ka maana jaata hai.
- Gaay ka doodh: aam taur par 3.5% se 5% FAT
- Bhains ka doodh: aam taur par 6% se 8% FAT
FAT electronic milk analyzer ya Gerber test se measure hota hai.
SNF Kya Hai?
SNF ka matlab hai Solids-Not-Fat — yaani doodh mein FAT ko chhod kar baaki jo solid content hota hai: protein, lactose (doodh ki sugar) aur minerals. SNF doodh ki nutritional quality dikhata hai.
- Normal range: 8% se 9.5% ke beech
Zyada paani milaya gaya (adulterated) doodh mein SNF kam ho jaata hai — isliye SNF ek quality-check ka bhi kaam karta hai.
FAT + SNF = Total Solids (TS) — jitna zyada Total Solids, doodh utna hi zyada valuable.
CLR Kya Hai?
CLR ka matlab hai Corrected Lactometer Reading. SNF ko directly measure karna mushkil aur time-taking hota hai, isliye zyada tar dairies lactometer se CLR nikalti hain aur usse SNF calculate karti hain. CLR lactometer se 27°C standard temperature par liya jaata hai (agar temperature alag ho toh correction lagaya jaata hai, isiliye naam "corrected" hai).
CLR Se SNF Nikalne Ka Formula (Richmond's Formula)
Indian dairies mein sabse zyada use hone wala formula hai:
SNF% = (CLR ÷ 4) + (0.2 × FAT%) + Constant
Yahan "Constant" har dairy union ya state ke hisaab se alag ho sakta hai — 0.14, 0.36, 0.44 jaise values common hain. Aapki dairy ya milk union ne jo standard adopt kiya hai, wahi constant use karna chahiye.
Example:
Maan lo CLR = 28, FAT = 4.0%, aur constant = 0.36
SNF% = (28 ÷ 4) + (0.2 × 4.0) + 0.36 SNF% = 7.0 + 0.8 + 0.36 SNF% = 8.16%
Rate Kaise Calculate Hota Hai: Do Tarike
1. FAT-Only Pricing (Simple, Lekin Adhoora)
Is method mein sirf FAT ke hisaab se rate tay hota hai — SNF ko ignore kiya jaata hai.
Rate = FAT% × FAT Rate per point
Example: FAT rate ₹8 per point ho aur milk mein FAT 4.0% ho, toh: Rate = 4.0 × 8 = ₹32 per litre
Yeh method simple hai, lekin ismein paani mila (kam SNF wala) doodh bhi zyada rate pa sakta hai agar uska FAT theek ho — isliye yeh poori tarah fair nahi hai.
2. Two-Axis Pricing (FAT + SNF) — Zyada Fair Tarika
Zyada tar cooperatives aur dairies is method ko use karti hain kyunki yeh dono — FAT aur SNF — ko wajan deta hai.
Total Rate = (FAT% × FAT ka rate per kg) + (SNF% × SNF ka rate per kg)
Aam taur par SNF ka rate FAT ke rate ka lagbhag 2/3 hota hai (kyunki ghee ki market value SMP se zyada hoti hai).
Example:
- FAT = 4.0%, SNF = 8.16%
- FAT rate = ₹400 per kg
- SNF rate (2/3 of FAT rate) = ₹267 per kg
Rate per litre (approx) = (4.0/100 × 400) + (8.16/100 × 267) = 16.0 + 21.78 = ₹37.78 per litre (approx)
(Note: exact conversion litre-to-kg mein milk ki density factor bhi involve hota hai, jo dairy-to-dairy thoda alag ho sakta hai — apni union ke official rate chart se hamesha confirm karein.)
Kaunsa Method Behtar Hai?
| Method | Fayda | Nuksan |
|---|---|---|
| FAT-only | Simple, jaldi calculate hota hai | SNF ignore hota hai, adulteration pakadna mushkil |
| Two-axis (FAT+SNF) | Fair, adulteration ko discourage karta hai | Thoda zyada calculation chahiye |
Zyada tar organized dairies aur cooperatives ab two-axis method hi use karti hain, kyunki isse farmer aur customer dono ke liye rate transparent aur fair rehta hai.
Manual Calculation Ki Dikkat
Agar roz 50-100 customers ka doodh collect ho raha ho, toh har entry ke liye FAT, SNF nikaal kar rate calculate karna — aur phir mahine ke end mein sabka bill banana — bahut time leta hai aur galti hone ka chance bhi rehta hai.
Yahi wajah hai ki Dudh ka Hisab App jaisa digital tool kaam aata hai. Aap ek baar rate chart set kar dete ho (chahe FAT-only ho ya two-axis), aur uske baad har entry ka amount app khud calculate kar deta hai — koi manual maths nahi. Monthly bill bhi ek click mein ready ho jaata hai.
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